How To Date A Caswell Runyan Cedar Chest

So, you've acquired a Caswell Runyan cedar chest. Perhaps it’s been passed down through your family, or you snagged a beauty at an estate sale. Knowing its age not only satisfies curiosity but can also inform how you care for it, what you store inside, and even its potential value. Let’s explore how to date your Caswell Runyan cedar chest.

Deciphering the Lock Plate

The lock plate, usually located on the front of the chest, is often your first and most direct clue. Caswell Runyan underwent changes in their lock plate designs over the years. Begin by carefully examining the lock plate for any markings, numbers, or patent dates.

Here's how to break it down:

• Absence of a Lock Plate: Very early models might lack a lock plate entirely. This indicates a production date in the very early years of the company, likely pre-1915. These are relatively rare.
• Simple, Unmarked Lock Plate: If the lock plate is plain, without any visible brand names or patent numbers, it likely dates to the early to mid-1920s. Caswell Runyan used simpler hardware during this period.
• "Caswell Runyan Co." Marking: A lock plate stamped with "Caswell Runyan Co." represents a period from the mid-1920s through the 1930s. The precise font and placement of this marking can offer further refinement.
• Patent Numbers: The presence of a patent number on the lock plate is a goldmine. Search the US Patent Office website (uspto.gov) using that number. The patent date will provide a timeframe for when that specific lock mechanism was used, giving you a range for the chest's production.
• Eagle Lock Co. Markings: Caswell Runyan often sourced their locks from Eagle Lock Co. If you find this name present, cross-reference the Eagle Lock Co.'s history and markings to narrow down the date.

Practical Application: Bring a magnifying glass with you when examining the lock plate. Good lighting is crucial. Take detailed photos of the lock plate, including any markings, from multiple angles. These photos will be invaluable if you need to consult with antique experts or online forums.

Examining Construction and Style

The construction techniques and stylistic elements of your cedar chest also provide clues about its age. These elements are less precise than lock plate information, but they contribute to the overall picture.

Wood Type and Construction

Pay attention to the type of cedar used and how the chest is assembled.

• Solid Cedar Construction: Early chests were often made entirely of solid cedar boards. As demand increased, Caswell Runyan transitioned to using cedar veneer over other types of wood.
• Dovetail Joints: Dovetail joints are a sign of quality craftsmanship and are more common in older chests. Look closely at the corners of the chest. Machine-cut dovetails are generally later than hand-cut dovetails.
• Veneer Application: If your chest uses veneer, examine how it’s applied. Thicker veneers and more elaborate patterns often indicate earlier production. Look for any signs of veneer lifting or damage, as this can reveal the underlying wood.

Stylistic Details

Consider the chest's overall design and decorative features.

• Simple, Rectangular Designs: Very early Caswell Runyan chests tended to have simple, rectangular shapes with minimal ornamentation.
• Art Deco Influences: During the 1920s and 1930s, Art Deco influences became apparent in cedar chest designs. Look for geometric patterns, stepped designs, and streamlined shapes.
• Waterfall Fronts: The “waterfall” front, a curved, cascading front panel, was popular in the late 1930s and 1940s.
• Hardware and Feet: The style of the hinges, handles, and feet can also offer clues. Look for changes in metal finishes (brass, nickel, chrome) and the shape of the feet (bun feet, bracket feet, etc.).

Practical Application: Compare your chest's construction and style to images of documented Caswell Runyan chests from different eras. Online resources, antique guides, and auction catalogs can be helpful. Search for keywords like "Caswell Runyan cedar chest history" or "vintage cedar chest styles."

Looking for Labels and Markings

Internal labels or stamps are the holy grail when dating a Caswell Runyan cedar chest. These markings, though often faded or missing, can provide direct information about the model and manufacturing date.

Where to Look:

• Inside the Lid: This is the most common location for labels. Look for paper labels, often glued to the inside of the lid.
• Inside the Chest Walls: Check the interior walls of the chest, especially near the top and bottom edges.
• Underneath the Chest: Carefully inspect the underside of the chest for any stamps or markings. Use a flashlight and mirror to get a good view.

What to Look For:

• Model Numbers: A model number can be used to research the chest's specifications and potential date range.
• Guarantee Statements: Early chests often included guarantee statements about the chest's ability to repel moths. These statements can provide clues about the company's marketing practices at the time.
• Date Stamps: Occasionally, you might find a date stamp, either handwritten or machine-printed. This is the most direct way to date your chest.

Practical Application: Be gentle when searching for labels. Old paper labels can be brittle and easily damaged. Use a soft brush to remove any dust or debris. If you find a label, take high-resolution photos of it and record all the information you can decipher. If the label is fragile, consider consulting a professional conservator.

Considering Historical Context

Understanding the broader historical context can provide valuable insights into the possible age of your chest.

• Company History: Caswell Runyan operated from the early 1900s to the mid-20th century. Knowing key milestones in the company's history (e.g., changes in ownership, major design innovations) can help you narrow down the date.
• Economic Conditions: The Great Depression significantly impacted furniture production. Cedar chests from the 1930s might reflect simpler designs and less expensive materials.
• Wartime Restrictions: During World War II, the availability of certain materials was restricted. This might be reflected in the construction of cedar chests from that era.
• Popular Design Trends: The overall design of the chest should align with popular furniture styles of the period. Researching furniture design trends can help you place your chest within a specific timeframe.

Practical Application: Use online resources and library databases to research the history of Caswell Runyan and furniture design trends of the 20th century. Consider subscribing to antique magazines or joining online forums dedicated to antique furniture.

A Checklist for Dating Your Caswell Runyan Cedar Chest

Use this checklist to guide your dating process:

1. Examine the Lock Plate: Look for markings, numbers, and patent dates.
2. Assess Construction: Identify the type of wood, joinery, and veneer application.
3. Analyze Style: Note the design elements, hardware, and feet style.
4. Search for Labels: Carefully inspect the interior and exterior of the chest for labels or stamps.
5. Research History: Consider the company's history, economic conditions, and design trends.
6. Compare and Contrast: Compare your findings with documented examples of Caswell Runyan chests.

Dating a Caswell Runyan cedar chest is a detective process that combines observation, research, and a bit of luck. Each clue, from the lock plate to the overall style, helps paint a picture of its age and history. Enjoy the journey of uncovering the story behind your antique treasure! Happy dating!